Physchem.cz

The development of porous materials with permanent micropores (diameter up to 2 nm) and/or mesopores (diameter 2 – 50 nm) and a large specific surface area (hundreds to several thousands m²/g) belongs to the most important scopes of the contemporary material research. The materials of this type are interesting for their catalytic and sorption applications. The micro/mesoporous materials could serve as heterogeneous catalysts or as supports for anchoring the homogeneous catalysts, however, they can also be used for gas trapping, separation and storage and for a selective adsorption of solutes from the solutions. In the last decade, the research in this field was extended by a new class of porous materials mostly referred to as “Microporous Organic Polymers” (MOPs). MOPs are hydrocarbon polymers often containing heteroatoms like O, N, F, S, Cl and possessing exclusively covalent bonding of the atoms and functional groups. Most MOPs have the architecture of polymer networks composed of densely cross-linked rigid segments. This architecture prevents a tight packing of the polymer segments which results in the formation of permanent micropores in the network. The formation of the mesopores in MOPs proceeds via a covalent interconnecting of small particles of microporous network.